♂️ Male Reproductive System: Parent's Guide
Understand the outside and inside parts, puberty changes, and how the system works to support healthy development in boys.
Overview
The male reproductive system includes the outside structures (penis and scrotum) and inside structures (testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and urethra). Together, they make sex hormones and sperm. Testosterone supports growth during puberty and maintains male characteristics.
Outside Parts
Testicles (Testes)
- • Make sperm cells after puberty
- • Produce testosterone (sex hormone)
- • Housed in the scrotum for temperature control
Scrotum
- • Skin pouch holding the testes outside the pelvis
- • Shrinks in the cold and relaxes in heat to keep testes cooler than body temperature
- • Temperature regulation helps healthy sperm production
Penis
- • Shaft (main part) with spongy tissue that fills with blood
- • Glans (tip or head) with a small opening for urine and semen
- • Foreskin may cover the glans; some families choose circumcision for cultural or religious reasons
Inside Parts
Epididymis
Coiled tube next to each testicle where sperm mature and are stored.
- • Sperm finish maturing here
- • Connects testes to vas deferens
Vas Deferens
Thin muscular tube that transports sperm to the urethra.
- • Moves sperm during ejaculation
- • Joins ducts near the prostate
Seminal Vesicles
Two pouches at the base of the bladder that add nourishing fluid to sperm.
- • Provide energy and volume to semen
- • Help sperm move along
Prostate Gland
Walnut-sized gland that adds fluid to semen and surrounds part of the urethra.
- • Adds protective, supportive fluid
- • Works with seminal vesicles to form semen
Urethra
Shared tube that carries urine and, at different times, semen to the outside of the body.
- • Part of both urinary and reproductive systems
- • Opens at the tip of the penis
How the System Works and Puberty
At puberty (often between ages 9–15), hormones from the pituitary gland signal the testes to make testosterone. This causes growth of the penis and testicles, hair in the pubic area, underarms, and face, and muscle development. The testes begin making millions of sperm cells each day.
Hormones
Pituitary hormones trigger testosterone production and development.
Sperm Maturation
Sperm form in the testes, mature in the epididymis, and travel through the vas deferens.
Semen Formation
Fluids from the seminal vesicles and prostate combine with sperm to make semen.
Frequently Asked Questions
❓ When does puberty usually start?
Many boys start puberty between ages 9 and 15; timing varies by individual.
❓ What is testosterone?
A hormone made by the testes that drives growth and development during puberty.
❓ Where are sperm stored?
Sperm mature and are stored in the epididymis next to each testicle.
❓ How do the urinary and reproductive systems share the urethra?
They use the same tube at different times; the body has controls so urine and semen do not pass at the same moment.
📝Key Takeaways
- ✓The system has outside and inside parts that work together.
- ✓Testosterone drives puberty changes and sperm production.
- ✓Sperm mature in the epididymis and travel via the vas deferens.
- ✓Seminal vesicles and prostate add fluids to create semen.
⚠️Medical Disclaimer
The information provided on this page about the male reproductive system, puberty, hormones, and related health topics is for educational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Every child is unique, and concerns require individual assessment by qualified healthcare professionals.
Always consult with your child's pediatrician or qualified healthcare provider if you have questions about development, puberty timing, or related symptoms. For medical emergencies, call 911 or visit your nearest emergency room immediately. Content compiled from trusted pediatric health references and medically reviewed educational resources.