Key Points
- Most U.S. tap water from public systems is safe because it is regulated and tested by the EPA.
- Private wells must be tested by the homeowner; annual testing is recommended to catch contaminants.
- Lead, germs, or pesticides occasionally appear in tap water, but problems are usually found and fixed quickly.
Check Your Water Source
Identify Your Source
- Tell your healthcare provider where you live and whether you have public water or a private well.
- Find your utility name on a recent water bill or by searching your address online.
Review Quality Reports
- Public systems must send annual water quality reports—request one if you haven’t received it.
- Look for information on lead, bacteria, nitrates, and other contaminants.
Test Private Wells
- Use a state-certified lab to test wells at least once a year—more often if flooding or nearby construction occurs.
- Testing prices range from $15 to hundreds of dollars depending on the contaminants screened.
Filtration Options
- Water filtration systems can reduce lead, some bacteria and viruses, and chemicals such as chlorine.
- Whole-house systems are effective but expensive; countertop pitchers and faucet-mounted filters are more affordable.
- Read product labels carefully—each filter targets specific contaminants.
- Replace cartridges according to instructions to maintain effectiveness.
Common Contaminants & Fixes
Lead
Possible sources
- Lead pipes or solder in older homes
- Faucets or fixtures manufactured before 2014
What to do
- Run water for 30–60 seconds (or until cold) before drinking.
- Use filters certified for lead (NSF/ANSI 53 or 58).
- Consider bottled water for formula if lead is detected until fixes are complete.
Bacteria & Parasites
Possible sources
- Private wells after floods or heavy rain
- Public systems with boil-water advisories
What to do
- Boil water for at least 1 minute (3 minutes at high altitudes) before use.
- Disinfect wells and retest after major weather events.
- Use UV or reverse-osmosis filters labeled for microbial reduction.
Nitrates & Pesticides
Possible sources
- Agricultural runoff near farms
- Improper disposal of fertilizers or animal waste
What to do
- Test wells annually, especially if you live near farms or golf courses.
- Use reverse-osmosis filters certified for nitrate reduction.
- Pregnant people should avoid boiling high-nitrate water—it concentrates nitrates.
What About Bottled Water?
- Bottled water is not automatically safer than tap; it may simply be filtered tap water.
- Plastic bottles can leach chemicals, especially if stored in heat.
- Bottled water is costlier and creates plastic waste.
- Use bottled water only if your tap water is known to be contaminated or if advised by your provider.
Hydration Habits During Pregnancy
Flavor Boosters
- Add citrus slices, cucumber, mint, or berries to encourage more sipping.
- Make herbal tea ice cubes to drop into still or sparkling water.
Routine Reminders
- Keep a marked water bottle to track intake.
- Set phone alarms or use hydration apps to prompt a glass every hour while awake.
Food Choices
- Eat water-rich produce (melons, cucumbers, oranges).
- Pair meals with broth-based soups to increase fluids without extra sugar.
Choose the Right Filter for Your Situation
Public Water Users
- Review your annual report before buying a filter—focus on contaminants that exceed or approach limits.
- If lead pipes are likely, choose NSF/ANSI 53-certified filters and avoid hot tap water for cooking.
- Keep a pitcher in the fridge so chilled tap water tastes better than bottled alternatives.
Private Well Owners
- Schedule lab tests for bacteria, nitrates, arsenic, and lead every year.
- Install point-of-use filters (reverse osmosis or distillation) if contaminants exceed limits.
- Retest after plumbing repairs, floods, or pregnancy-related moves.
Renters or Shared Housing
- Request the landlord’s most recent test results or city report.
- Use faucet-mounted filters if fixture changes are allowed; otherwise choose countertop units.
- Document requests in writing so issues are addressed promptly.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is tap water safe during pregnancy?
Most tap water in the U.S. is safe. Public supplies are tested regularly. If you have concerns, review your water report or test your private well.
How do I get my water tested?
Contact your local utility for public water testing results. For wells, hire a state-certified lab to test for lead, bacteria, nitrates, and other contaminants.
Should I switch to bottled water?
Not unless your tap water is known to be contaminated. Bottled water can be more expensive, create waste, and sometimes contains chemicals from the plastic.
What if I rent and don’t control the water source?
Request the water quality report from your landlord or utility. You can still use filters or order your own testing if you’re concerned.
Questions for Your Provider
- Do you recommend additional tests for my water supply during pregnancy?
- Should I use a specific type of filter based on our local water quality?
- Are there health conditions that make bottled water a better short-term option?
Key Takeaways
Know Your Source
Identify whether you use public water or a private well.
Test When Needed
Review annual reports or test wells yearly to catch contaminants.
Use Filters Wisely
Match filters to specific contaminants and change cartridges on time.
Limit Bottled Water
Save bottles for true emergencies; tap water is usually safe and eco-friendly.
Important Medical Disclaimer
This page provides educational information only. It does not replace medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always follow the recommendations of your obstetrician, midwife, or pediatrician.
If you suspect water contamination, contact your local health department and use bottled or filtered water until the issue is resolved.